
With the advent of advanced reproductive technologies, fertility experts debate whether male infertility should even be treated.
Urologists believe varicose veins of the scrotum are the leading cause of male infertility, though the evidence is mixed on whether surgical repair raises pregnancy rates.
Infection is a common cause of infertility in men and often can be treated with antibiotics.
In 1992, for example, an advance in I.V.F. called ICSI, for intracytoplasmic sperm injection, provided fuel for the reproductive endocrinologists' view that most men do not need fertility-enhancing treatments. In the procedure, pronounced ICK-see, a single sperm is inserted directly into an egg. ICSI revolutionized treatment for men with severely low sperm counts. Reproductive endocrinologists say that trying to improve sperm count in most men is no longer necessary, because only a few healthy sperm are needed.
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